Political Culture and Society in Argentina

Abstract Argentina is the second largest country in South America and is located in the southernmost part of the continent. Argentina faced intermittent political history in the 20th century. The country was under a series of civilian and military rule. This lack of stability infringed on the democratic space of the people.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Political Culture and Society in Argentina specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite of its enormous wealth, Argentina suffered a severe democratic breakdown in the late 2001.Since 2001 the social, political and economic conditions in Argentina have improved considerably. However, the country is still experiencing a number of challenges and these includes corruption in government departments, human rights violation, escalation of illegal drugs, immigration among others. The focus of this study is to explore the political culture and socialization, interest g roups and political parties, and governance and policy making in Argentina. Introduction Argentina is the second largest country in South America and is located in the southernmost part of the continent. In terms of the population, the country is ranked the third biggest with over 40 million inhabitants. Argentina borders Chile, Bolivia, Brazil, Uruguay and Atlantic Ocean (Acuna, 1995, p. 17). Argentina was considered among the worlds less democratic nations in the 70s and 80s. Despite of its enormous wealth, Argentina suffered a severe democratic breakdown in the late 2001. The country was dominated by abuse of power and wanton corruption in previous regime. However, Argentina has transformed substantially and has begun to follow the footsteps of the better institutionalized neighboring countries like Chile and Uruguay (Etchemendy, 2001, p. 3; Tedesco, 2002. P. 469). The first elected democratic president in Argentina was Raul Alfonsin in 1983, following the end of the military rul e. President resigned in the late 80s and Carlos Menem took over in 1989.Argentine democracy developed in different and seemingly incongruous manner in the 90s. The country’s first government after the amendment of the constitution was formed in 1994 led by President Carlos Menem. Menem’s government operated in a highly unilateral manner which was against the spirit of the constitution. For example, this government pushed for the expansion of the Supreme Court and stacked it with his allies against the will of the people. Even when the government acted within the law it failed to seek for consensus even for matters pertaining to the constitution (Smith, 1990, p.10-11; Helleiner, 2003, p. 687).Advertising Looking for assessment on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Following the significant work by President O’Donnell to build democracy in Argentina, Argentina still experienced what is calle d democracy in turmoil in the 90s. A number of political pundits even raised concern that President was not willing to relinquish power. However, in terms of fundamental aspects of democracy, Argentina was still way ahead of most of its Latin American neighbors such Chile and Brazil. The government ability to conduct fair and democratic election was unquestionable, the government protected vital civil and political rights and unswerving protection of press freedom (Smith, 1990, p.12). Though there were a number of threats journalists experienced in Menem’s government. Argentina was considered the most strict, autonomous, and urbane state in Latin America. The democratic strides made in Argentina began to wear down in 2001 when popular revolutions began overthrowing popularly elected governments. The main aim of this study is to explore political culture and political socialization in Argentina. Study examines the role of the interest groups and political parties in the politi cal process. Last but the least, this paper also investigates governance and policy making in Argentina (Smith, 1990, p.12; Johnson, 2003, p. 88). Political Culture and Political Socialization in Argentina The link between democratic political culture and democratic regimes has dominated the current political literatures. The democratic values and beliefs in society are significant in supporting attitudes and behaviors that strengthens democratic institutions. Studies carried out in Spain and Germany confirmed the mere effort to replace non-democratic system of government with democratic institutions promotes change in people’s beliefs (Johnson, 2003, p. 96; Peruzzotti, 2001, p.155).. Political transition increases people’s social contact with the new regime by accepting the latest system as part of the transition process rather than the precondition of the process.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Political Culture and Society in Argentina s pecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These are the basis for the population change of attitude in Argentina following political transitions. The transition to democracy in Argentina was characterized by dictatorial procedures and disbandment of political activities in general (Weyland, 2004, p. 136). President Raul Alfonsin, the first Argentine constitutional president, voiced his awareness on how cultural transformation facilitates and strengthen democratic structures. To safeguard the cultural bases of the political system, novel democratic structures should operate with context of cultural heritage complimenting democracy and the economic realities in the country (Tomassi, 2002, p. 20; Weyland, 2004, p. 136). Studies carried out in Argentina reveals a strong correlation between education level and democratic attitudes. The research studies correlates anti-libertarian attitude to social and economic conditions of the people in Argentina. According to these researches, peoples’ attitude also becomes more frequent with decline in socio-economic conditions. The level of formal education in many cases is correlated with socio-economic status and democratic attitudes. Therefore, the elite segment of the Argentine population is strongly in support of democratic values than non-elite who tend to be very conservative (Weyland, 2004, p. 140; Peruzzotti, 2001, p.156). Argentina displays a highly consensual pattern and sustainable dispositions regarding participative elements of democracy during, and even before the transition phase. These attitudes are deeply rooted in Argentine political culture since they have not evolved considerably, and have strong connection to different sectors of the society. On the contrary, political values associated with broadmindedness and pluralism received less support during the transition because of high degree of discontent in the population. However, this trend has improved signific antly, with least support coming from lowest and non-elite social class (Tedesco, 2002, p. 470; Johnson, 2003, p. 96). The upheaval experienced in Argentina in the recent past is attributed to historical political development. This country enjoyed over seventy years of stability that enhanced speedy economic development, and made Argentina one of the richest countries in the global scale. Argentina was ranked 7th globally in the 20s.Advertising Looking for assessment on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Political stability was experienced despite of numerous military coups, twenty five presidents, over twenty years of military rule and thirteen years of Juan Peron rule (Pearson, 2003, p. 215). In 1943, Argentina under military rule dominated by a colonel by the name Juan Peron. Peron built a strong political base through the support of the labor movement. In 1946, Peron was elected as the president of Argentina through Argentina Labor Party which later became Peronist Party. During his reign, Peron awarded numerous benefits to the working class such increase in wages, fringe benefits, and the establishment of social security system. Peron also focused on rapid industrialization by setting up state-owned industries protected from trade barriers. Peron’s mobilization of the working class had a long term effect on the country’s political system for over forty years (Helleiner, 2003, p. 689). Even after Peron was ousted through a military coup, his ideology survived for a long time despite of the different regimes efforts to defeat it. After Peron was ousted, a sequence of military and civilian government ruled Argentina until 1973 when he was re-elected again. This time Peron did not last for more than a year. He died and is second wife Isabel took over the throne. Isabel’s regime was dominated with confusion, political violence and hyperinflation. This forced the military to take over again in 1976 and ruled up to 1983 (Pearson, 2003, p.216; Weyland, 2004, p. 137). In 1983, Argentina went back to the civilian democratic rule with Raul Alfonsin being elected as the president through Radical Civil Union party. President Alfonsin was recognized for restoring the democratic institutions but failed to stabilize the economy. This led total chaos, labor unrest and hyperinflation. Alfonsin resigned before his term ended and was succeeded by Carlos Menem of Justicialista Party (formerly Peronist Party). Menem succeeded to stabilize the economy throu gh privatization of state run industries and introduction of free market (Pearson, 2003, p.214). In 1991, Menem’s government pegged the Argentine currency to the US dollar, a monetary policy which helped to avert inflation, but later on became one of the main factors for the recent financial havoc in Argentina. Menem’s started to shine started when he broke with the Peronist protectionist policies favored by the working class and labor organizations. Even though, Menem attracted began to attract middle class votes, increase in corruption and high unemployment in his second term led to his defeat (Peruzzotti, 2001, p. 133-134; Tedesco, 2002. P. 470). Economic time bomb created by Menem’s government brewed trouble to the successive government in 2001. In 2001, President de la Rua government faced a deeply-rooted economic crisis. The crisis led to the decline of financial support from the donors and international financial institutions because the country could not produce balanced budget. Argentine citizens started withdrawing dollars from the banks in panic until the government set a limit of a thousand dollar per month. These austerity measures led to countrywide unrest and consequently a revolution which forced the incumbent to resign. Adolfo Rodriguez took over as an interim president for 90 days before the general election held but also resigned amid more violence and protest. Religion has considerable influence in Argentine politics while ethnicity has little impact on politics. Ethnic groups in Argentina are less diverse and therefore politics is not influenced by ethnicity. Churches are represented in politics by Democratic Christian federation. This party drives the agenda of the church and works to safeguard the interest of its members (Pearson, 2003, p. 215; Tedesco, 2002. P. 471). Interest Groups and Political Parties Activities of political parties in Argentina have been intermittent, given that some periods were under military rule and party activities were banned. Yet, parties were reformed in 80s and have been active since then. Conventionally, the alignment of political parties in Argentina is based on social and economic issues and to some extent religious lines. Religious leaders, conservative lower class and land owners have in several times formed alliances to protect the church and their status. Currently, the most active parties represent the working class, peasant farmers, and the elites (Helleiner, 2003, p. 235). In the 20th century, main parties were either governing parties or main opposition parties. These parties were devoted to intensifying Argentine politics to include the middle and lower class and to transform the socio-economic fabric of the country. The nucleus of these parties was the middle class but they also included the lower class and the upper class. Argentine politics is dominated by conservatives and socialists. The conservatives dominated the political arena in the early 20t h century when they were referred as the National Democrats. The conservatives were, mainly concerned with land issues in which they drew a lot of support (Persson Guido, 2000, p. 35). During the military rule the activity of these parties were limited because military rulers were against partisan politics. In the present, there are number of right wing parties, the largest of them all being Union of the Democratic Center. Even though left wing parties trace their roots from the early 20th century, these parties suffered a lot in the 70s and 80s when the military regime tried very hard to exterminate them. This included incarceration, and extermination of their leaders. Additionally, Peronism obstructed the ideology of these parties as well as their traditions (Pearson, 2003, p. 220). Peronism, which disregards political cataloging, is the most active ideology in Argentina today. Peronism subsided for nearly two decades following the military coups. Some of the Peronist political p arties include Popular Union Party, Populist Party, and Labor Party. Peronist parties have fielded candidates such as Juan Peron, Isabel Peron, and Carlos Menem among others. The most recent President under Peronist Party was Carlos Menem who won the election in 1995 under Justicialist Party with a landslide win (Pearson, 2003, p. 221). Argentina Political Parties have been very competitive in the past decade, with some parties forming a coalition to defeat the rivals. One distinguished exception can be traced back to early 80s when main political parties form a coalition to claim support of over 80 percent voters so as to dispose the military rule. These parties were Democratic Christian federation, the Movement for Integration and Development, FREJULI, the UCR, and the Intransigent Party (Weyland, 2004, p. 137). Country for Solidarity Party was formed in 1994. This party won the majority of the middle class voters by devoting its energy to fighting corruption in Menem’s gov ernment. Country for Solidarity Party defeated UCR for the second place in 1995 parliamentary elections. In 1999 UCR joined FRESPO to create a coalition to elect its candidate Fernando de la Rua. De la Rua won the election with 43 percent of the votes and succeeded Menem as the president of Argentina. This alliance only lasted for a short period of time when De la Rua resigned following civil unrest in Argentina in 2001(Johnson, 2003, p. 99; Weyland, 2004, p. 138). Despite of the Political and economic crisis in 2001, Peronista and Radical political parties in Argentina still goes strong. Peronista dominates the politics of Argentina today. Death of De la Rua marked the decline of Radical Party. During the 2003 election Peronist won by more than 50% of the votes while Radical Party only managed to garner 30% of the votes. The subsequent presidents in Argentina have come from the Peronista party, exhibiting the strength and domination of Peronists in Argentine politics (Johnson, 2003 , p. 100). Governance and Policy making in Argentina The first national constitution was promulgated in 1853. This constitution was then amended by Peron’s administration. This constitution was abolished in 1993 when the new constitution was approved. Currently, the federalist law of Argentina recognizes three branches of governance. These include the executive, Legislature/ Parliament, and the judiciary. The president and his/her vice are elected directly by the people. They are only allowed to hold the office for a maximum of 8 years; four years per term. The parliament has two chambers, house of the senate and the house of the deputies. Lastly, Judiciary is divided into Supreme Court and Lower Courts. The power of provincial administration is minimized by the central government’s ability to control country’s resources from the national level to the provincial level (Tomassi, 2002, p. 6). The legislature makes the law and acts as the voice of the people. The e xecutive that includes the president and the Cabinet implements the constitution. The judiciary interprets the law the law and enforces the law. Argentina is ruled through a presidential system of governance based on the federal structure. The country is divided into 24 provinces depicting the central system of governance. However, these provinces are granted some degree of independence and are in charge of the collection of taxes, security, justice, health and education (Tomassi, 2002, p. 6). Studies show that the level of public confidence in the public administration and judiciary is still wanting. Lack of properly operating judicial system is blamed for most of the institutional and social rot in Argentina over the recent past. The general public in Argentina is very doubtful on the ability of the police to enforce the law. This is because of the increase in crime over the last decades and wanton corruption in the judiciary. The greatest concern is police brutality and corruptio n. There are a number of reported cases of extrajudicial killings by the police and therefore people are not willing to grant police more power to fight the crime. Escalation in insecurity is attributed to high rate of unemployment, socio-economic and government corruption. The current regime is working very hard to reform all the sector branches of the government and sectors of the economy which lacks public support and confidence especially the police (Etchemendy, 2001, p.20). The legislature just passed a law that is aimed at restructuring the police force and streamlining its operations. The country’s president has also been on the forefront in the quest to reform the judiciary and to restore its long lost glory. However, the greatest challenge for the current regime is the restoration of stability in the economy. They are moving in the right direction but the present global economic crisis is slowing down the progress of their economic plans and strategies. The rate of u nemployment and poverty is still high in the country and requires urgent intervention. Other problems include escalation of illegal drugs and immigration (Etchemendy, 2001, p.22). Conclusion Argentina’s politics has been alternating within civilian and military rule. Military interventions were as a result of socio-economic unrest or coups. Military rules tried very hard to frustrate democracy. This was evident in their efforts to ban political parties and incarcerate political leaders. During the military rule the activity of some of these parties were limited because military rulers were against partisan politics. However, despite of all these hurdles, political parties in Argentina remained strong and dominate the political arena today. Peronist ideology is still popular in Argentina and is the reason why Peronista Party has won majority of the political sits up to now. Argentina is ruled by the presidential system and most decision comes from the central government. The m ajor challenge of this system is the devolution of power and distribution of national resources. High level of corruption and lawlessness among the security officers is also rampant in the government. There are a number of reported cases of extrajudicial killings by the police and therefore people are not willing to grant police more power to fight the crime. Escalation in insecurity is attributed to high rate of unemployment, socio-economic challenges and government corruption. Nevertheless, the government is working very hard to bring necessary reforms in the political, social and economic domain. References Acuna, C. H. (1995). Politics and Economics in the Argentina of the Nineties’, in Smith, W. C. and Gamarra E. (Eds). Journal of Democracy, Markets and Structural Reform. Florida: North-South Center Press. 17-66 Etchemendy, S. (2001). Constructing Reform Coalitions: The Politics of Compensations in Argentina’s Economic Liberalization. Latin American Politics and S ociety 43(3), 1-36. Helleiner, E. (2003). Economic Liberalism and Its Critics: the Past as Prologue? Review of International Political Economy 10 (4), p. 685-696. Pearson, R. (2003). Argentina’s Barter Network: New Currency for New Times? Bulletin of Latin American Research 22 (2), 214-230. Peruzzotti, E. (2001). The Nature of the New Argentine Democracy. The Delegative Democracy Argument Revisited. Journal of Latin American Studies 33 (1), 133-155. Johnson, J. (2003). Conceptual Problems as Obstacles to Progress in Political Science: Four Decades of Political Culture Research, Journal of Theoretical Politics 15, (1), p. 87–115. Smith, W. C. (1990). Democracy, Distributional Conflicts, and Macroeconomic Policymaking in Argentina 1983-89. Journal of Inter-American Studies and World Affairs 32 (2), p. 1-42 Tedesco, L. (2002). Argentina’s Turmoil: The Politics of Informality and the Roots of Economic Meltdown, Cambridge Review of International Affairs 15 (3), p. 46 9-481. Tomassi, M. (2002). Federalism in Argentina and the Reforms of the 1990s. Working Paper 147, Center for Research on Economic Development and Policy Reform, Stanford University. Weyland, K. (2004). Neoliberalism and Democracy in Latin America: A Mixed Record, Latin American Politics Society 46 (1), p.135-157. Persson, T., Guido, T. (2000). Political Economics: Explaining Economic Policy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. This assessment on Political Culture and Society in Argentina was written and submitted by user Brandon Goff to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Research Paper on Michael Jordan

Research Paper on Michael Jordan Michael Jordan was possibly the best basketball player in the history of the National Basketball Association. His career spanned over nineteen glorious seasons for the Chicago Bulls. The most recognizable athlete in the world, he is not only the top player of his era, but is quite possibly the best player ever to wear the uniform of an NBA team. The magnitude of his Airness can be best shown through Michael’s soaring hang times and acrobatic moves, but the legend of MJ is characterized by his tough spirit, determination and passion of the greatest player in basketball history. In 1984 Jordan came into the NBA after an outstanding three-year career at North Carolina. Born in Brooklyn, New York, Michael was raised in Wilmington, North Carolina. He hit the jump shot that gave the Tar Heels the NCAA Championship in 1982 and was the College Player of the Year in 1984. The Chicago Bulls took him with the No. 3 overall pick. Jordan joined a club that had finished at 27-55 the previous season and was considered one of the worst teams in the league. In his rookie season, Jordan lifted the team to a 38-44 record and a playoff berth for the first time since 1981. He finished the season with a scoring average of 28.2 points per game, third in the league, and set Chicago single-season records for points (2,313), field goals (837), free throws (630), free-throw attempts (746), and steals (196). It all added up to an NBA Rookie of the Year Award, a slot on the NBA All-Rookie Team, and a selection to the All-NBA Second Team. The Bulls faced the Milwaukee Bucks in the firs t round of the playoffs and lost in all four games. Jordan averaged 29.3 points in the series, but couldn’t muster his first playoff victory. Dissatisfied and disappointed, Jordan trained hard over the off-season to win his first playoff series. Early on in his career Michael was presented with mild success, but still unproven in the playoffs. Yet as the rest of the world was about to find out, MJ was possibly the most physically and mentally dominant player on the court. He earned the MVP status in 1988, 1991, and 1992, while scorching through the Finals and winning three consecutive NBA championships (1992-1993). He led the NBA in scoring for 7 consecutive seasons. In less than five years, Michael turned around a deteriorating Chicago Bulls franchise, into one of the NBA’s most storied dynasties. Yet midway through Jordan’s career, several life changing controversial issues came about. In 1993, straight off of his third NBA championship, Michael’s father, James Jordan was murdered in his car in North Carolina. The shocking tragedy, hit Michael very closely, and to pay homage to his father, decided to quit from basketball and play baseball. The entire basketball world was in stunned. Many critics disagreed with the move, but Michael was determined. After one lackluster season with the minor league Birmingham Barons, Michael reasonably decided for his return to basketball and to the Bulls. Many fans were delighted to see the return of the most exciting player return to the courts. After the death of his father and his stint with baseball, Jordan returned to his true love, basketball; and to resume his record breaking career. After his return to basketball, he played as if he had never left, leading the Bulls to a 70-win season and a return to the Finals in 1995. On Dec. 30, Michael scored in double digits for the 788th consecutive game, breaking Kareem Abdul Jabbers record. After seven NBA championships, Michael decided to retire from basketball. Yet with his charismatic ego and motivation to play the game, Michael returned once again to basketball, this time with the Washington Wizards. Two unsuccessful seasons later, at age 40, Michael decided to call it quits. In his final game played, he scored the final shot against the 76ers. Michael Jordan ended his career with 32,292 points, the 3rd highest in NBA history. Although many say he tarnished his career by playing with the unproductive Wizards, his leadership, long-term career and personal motivation cannot be dismissed. Arguably, Michael’s later achievements were more astonishing than before, with the strength of his spirit still strong, and knowledge of the game. The mark of a great player is shown by an evolution of the game as it progresses. Michael changed the way basketball was played and contributed invaluable amounts of wisdom to younger players. Michael was most known for his offensive threat, but he taught others the fundamentals of great defense. He was the definition of a franchise player, bringing glory and fame to the Chicago Bulls who became the envy of every NBA team. He was also a member of the Olympic Dream Team that received the Gold Medal in the 1992 Barcelona Olympics in Spain. Off the court, Michael set up his own charity foundation, and helps poor children in violent neighborhoods. Never in trouble with the law, Michael became the ideal model citizen to represent the NBA. The most inspirational and energetic player in the NBA never lost the thirst to succeed and the preservation to win. MJ will go down in history as the definition of competition at its best. Through tough times and tragedy, Michael never gave up and pressed on. The reason for Michael’s illustrious success has been nothing short of hard work and never surrendering. His will to win, at any cost, has motivated many athletes and non-athletes alike to set goals for themselves and to reach them.

Employment Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 2

Employment Relations - Essay Example This method of expression has been in existence for a long period of time and in some cases it does work in favor of the employees. However, it requires them to be united and on the same page as to what their reasons for striking are and the intended objectives of the strike. Each person who is a part of the strike should be well aware of the events surrounding the occurrence of the strike. On the other hand, the decline in strikes is taken by some to mean that labor conflict is not a very important aspect of contemporary employment relations. Most strikes involve a disappointment in the conduct of the employer regardless of whether this behavior is legal or not. They also involve a want for the increase in salaries. In the 1960s, when strikes were high, the factor of capitalist employment which was also high at that time could have greatly contributed to the high rates of strikes at the time. This was according to Hyman in Strikes. He then went on to describe four sources of conflict. At this point, most employers tried to reduce the workforce and increase the work process I order to keep their employees under control. This however did not stop a liberal market from developing. As a result, there were liberal ideologies that came up and led to employees adopting them. The start of globalization and legal reforms led to strikes being rather costly (Steve, 2004). For this reason, there was a decline in the rates of strikes being held and the difference in views among the employees. An empirical research done by Piazza reve aled that globalization contributed to the decline in labor union activity in a study done comparing their activities between 1952 and 2001 (Piazza 2005 290). They wanted to keep their jobs and maintained order in the workplace while the adjustments and changes continued to occur. As a result, the strikes seemed less effective in achieving their goals since they

Creation and distribution of goods and services Essay

Creation and distribution of goods and services - Essay Example Richard Strong put forward the argument that the proposals would allow the corporation to develop two focused and separate market and product strategies for the market segments. The initial response was guarded, with its advantage being that it would allow the corporation to clarify positioning of its products while aiding Aldus to establish a unique and strong company identity in both market segments. However, the corporation had based its success via the offering of a single product line bridging creative professionals and business. This paper aims to evaluate this proposal. Strong’s proposal to alter the positioning strategy for Aldus As PageMaker’s sophistication grew to meet the high-end user’s evolving needs, the product became more unattractive to the business segment that was not as sophisticated. The primary distribution channels lacked sophistication to lend support to these high-end users, leading Strong to believe that the corporation faced the danger of being unable to serve these two markets. The situation was made worse in the European market by Apple Macintosh’s weak position, which made Aldus depend more PageMaker’s MS-DOS version. ... Trying to meet these segment’s divergent needs with one product line placed a high demand on software development staff. The product’s complexity would complicate the upgrade task and delay upgrade schedules. Conflict in the corporation arose because the software development staff was oriented to the graphic’s market, while others were oriented to business segments. Both groups could only respond to the needs of their market via a single product. Splitting Aldus into two divisions would allow them to focus on these different market segments. These organizational and product line decisions were made due to what industry executives viewed as polarization of software distribution. Telemarketers, mail order firms and superstores increasingly served the market, with the high-end served by boutiques that had the ability to provide after sales support, consulting, and needs assessment. Hardware sellers were becoming less viable as software dealers. Differences between C onsumer and Organizational Markets The first difference between consumer markets and organizational markets has to do with the nature of purchases (Pride et al, 2012). Organizational consumers buy capital equipment, semi-finished goods and raw materials for utilization in further operations or for reselling to others while final consumers normally acquire finished items for household, family or personal use. Organizational consumers are also more likely to demand exact specifications of products. Final consumers usually buy on a stylistic and descriptive basis. Additionally, organizational consumers usually use multiple buying responsibilities where more than one employee participates in expensive or complex purchase decisions. Consumer markets

Legal requirements and potential issues associated with HIV positive Essay

Legal requirements and potential issues associated with HIV positive workers - Essay Example Thus under this law, persons with HIV or AIDS are safeguarded from discrimination on the basis of their condition (U.S department of Health & Human Services Office for Civil Rights, 2014). 2. Relevance and importance: Well supported explanation of how and why this legal issue is important for you and your colleagues as current or future managers? The relevance of these laws is the fact that they assure equal opportunity for persons with disabilities in public accommodations, employment, transportation, local and state government services as well as telecommunications. Normally, discrimination takes place when an entity leaves out a person with HIV from taking part in a service or disallows a person a benefit. Instances of discriminatory acts toward persons with HIV/AIDS comprise of refusing access to medical treatment and/or social services or having treatment and/or services deferred for the sole reason of one having HIV/AIDS(Webber,2007). Thus, if the person with HIV fulfils the necessary eligibility needs for the benefit or service, the entity may be needed to make a rational accommodation to facilitate the person to take part. These laws are crucial in that it is unlawful to discriminate against individuals having or are believed to be having HIV/AIDS in regard to; employment, rental, acquisition or sale of apartment, real estate, or house, public accommodation places (theaters, restaurants etc), health care, home repairs, legal services or other various services available to the public generally, application of a credit card or loan, or other credit transactions as well as particular transactions in insurance. On the other hand, employers are obligated to offer and sustain a discrimination-free working place, in addition to ensuring that those with HIV face no intimidation or harassment. It is actually the responsibility of everyone to not only know and understand

Impact of Digitisation on Media Consumption

Impact of Digitisation on Media Consumption How has digitisation changed media consumption? Discuss with reference to at least one specific example. The last decades have brought a revolution on how and where information and entertainment are being delivered. About 13 years ago MySpace was the best source for social networking. Facebook and YouTube did not even exist then. Now Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube have things ranging from news, sports, entertainment clips to original creations. However, this is not just about the development of more sources of media but it is about how media are delivered. Today everything we see, hear and read, is digitized. They are a product of those countless 1s and 0s codes. That in turn means, that as far as technology is concerned, it is all the same; print, audio and video have no difference. Every conceivable kind of information comes to us on the same device. If you own a smart phone then you automatically have a phone, a tv screen, a newspaper, a camera, a file holder, a radio and many more. This has shifted the power away from the providers to the users of information. Media gets shaped by t he consumers. Media convergence has encouraged an increase of participatory culture where the consumer is also the producer of media. As a result, participation in media has leaked into politics. The rise of the network society has also led to transformations of social dynamics and interpersonal relationships as well as how individuals relate to institutions. Donald Trumps tweeting demonstrate the notion of relationship shift in three different ways. In order to understand how Trump uses tweets in social media and with what outcome, one needs to be aware of how an individual can change the course of virtual products. Everyone is potentially a producer of media as well as a consumer of media. We live in a world where sharing with each other what we create is mutually rewarding and has an enormous emotional satisfaction. Going back 200 years in history, people struggled with the limits of technology to figure out a way to share their ideas with each other and to communicate effectively across great geographic distances. Middle of the 19th century, teenagers were producing publications using tin-toy printing press, where they had to sit and type letter by letter in order to print something (Leurs, 2017).They would print them and these things would then circulate on a national scale. That is the same impulse that leads kids today to put content on their Facebook page or to make their own song videos for YouTube. This desire to create and share what you create with others is really powerful. Is not an agency or a network that is pushing content to be viewed, but it is the consumer that engages other consumers with that content (Jenkins, Ford and Green, 2013: 2). For instance, on Facebook there is a share button where you can share content with your friends. If your friends like it then they can share it again and so on and this is one of the ways a content can go viral. Consequently, spreadability is all about the choices the consumers make which affects the flow of media through the culture (Jenkins, Ford and Green, 2013: 3-5). Spreadability allows information to flow in an interconnected society. Content does not just move around on its own accord; participatory culture allows media content to spread through multiple active choices (Jenkins, 2006: 3). Individuals have a greater control over the means of cultural production and circulation than ever before. This is because, it is not the creator of a virtual pr oduct that is spreading it to the mass, but it is the masses who are spreading it among one another and their networks. Trumps relationship with the media is complex in three ways. Firsly, Trumps tweets depict how participatory culture is important for the vitality of an individual or a virtual product. According to Castell, network society forms the new architecture of society. Networks have an open structure and are able to expand and contract as necessary.   The communication that occurs across these networks is multidimensional and multidirectional. For instance, during Trumps presidential campaign, in 2016, there was an apparent rise in Trumps tweets. His tweets were then taken out of context and converted to memes. These memes were then uploaded in multiple online pages such as 9Gag and Reddit. Through participatory culture people from all over the world could be part of Trumps presidential campaign. Additionally, people were not only sharing Trumps tweets but someone created a page (www.faketrumpetweet.com) where anyone can create a fake trump tweet and then share it as an actual tweet. There fore, the rise of participatory culture in a network society has led to transformations of social dynamics. Trumps constant controversial Tweets, during his campaign, made him look more like a mass media celebrity rather than a traditional politician. This demonstrates that people were connecting around and through Trump. This was about what the people did. Trump was simply a name attached to participatory culture as large numbers of young people moved for the first time in the political process. Wider culture is now translating politics to popular culture. Trumps constant tweeting proves that politics is moving away from policy discourse and into a more engaged audience. Secodly, Trumps tweets portray the blur lines between real and fake context in the network society. Cultural networks have evolved from the virtual network society and emerged from the industrial age to the information age (Castell). In this transition capitalism is no longer centred on the production of material goods, but on the information and knowledge. Trump has often been criticized for tweeting misleading information. However, not everyone can identify fake news. Pierre Levy, a French philosopher, cultural theorist and media scholar, developed the idea of collective intelligence. Levy argues that in a networked society nobody knows everything (LeÃÅ' vy, 1997: 13).Everybody knows something but there is an enormous array of all kinds of expertise and knowledge out there. Hence, we relay, to some extent, on media to make sense of the world around us. If someone relies on Trumps tweets to receive basic information then this person will not only receive deceptive information bu t a great amount of biasness too. With digitizations advancements, each individual, sitting behind a computer or a tablet, has in their hands more power than any previous generation could imagine. Each individual should make extra effort on social media to try and verify stories before passing them on, especially if they confirm a pre-existing bias. Thirdly, through Trumps tweets the representation of a paradoxical connection with globalization is evident and this allows information to be instantaneously consumed. His lack of globalized thinking is evident in many of his tweets such as America must put its own citizens first, because only then can we truly Make America Great Again! #JointAddress #AmericanSpirit (tweet was posted on Feb. 28, 2017, 9:14 p.m.) is just an example out of the tens. What Trump is trying to do is abandon globalization using globalized means. The nature of the network society, and thus globalization, make it possible for Trump to be accessed by different people in different places at the same time. As a result, social media becomes a meeting point and a place of global scale exchange of opinions and statements.   The difference in a network society is that the process of managing information within social networks is achieved using electronic based technologies. Still, what is interesting with Trumps t weets is that when he tweets it not only spreads throughout social media, but it also gets attention from traditional media (newspapers etc). Thus, he appeals to everyone by starting national as a well as global discussions 140 characters at a time. As a result, societies do not have to be attached to a specific geographic space such as a nation or state, but simply to the space of communication and information flows. Hence, in a way, it should not feel weird that a president tweets this much, because he is communicating in a way that any other person is. Consequently, Donald Trumps tweeting allows power relationships to shift and it makes participatory culture even more evident in the network society. This brings out an outcome where consumers are more intimately involved on how the media landscape looks like. Every minute new layers of content are created. People add their own variance by alternating information, creating new content, or adding on to the spreadability of virtual products. However, it is easy for someone to consume deliberate misinformation via social media. Nonetheless, the process of creating new product, whether they entail real or fake information, keeps on accelerating and expanding, thus, media will continue to create a type value and meaning as it travels across cultures through network societies.   This is because humans correspondingly shape and reshape communications and networks. Finally, Castells theory of the increasing connectedness of human society and our reliance on information and communication te chnologies is an important contribution to our understanding of globalization in the media and Donald Trump is e ultimate participator and reciprocator of his through his tweeting. Citations Jenkins, H. (2004). The Cultural Logic of Media Convergence. International Journal of Cultural Studies, 7(1), pp.33-43. Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where Old and New Media Collide. 1st ed. New York: New York University Press. Jenkins, H., Ford, S. and Green, J. (2013). Spreadable media: Creating Value and Meaning in a Networked Culture. 1st ed. New York: New York University Press. Leurs, L. (2017). 1800-1849: The history of printing during the 19th century. [online] Prepressure. Available at: https://www.prepressure.com/printing/history/1800-1849 [Accessed 15 Mar. 2017]. LeÃÅ' vy, P. (1997). Collective intelligence: Mankinds Emerging World in Cyberspace. 1st ed. Cambridge, Mass: Perseus Books.

Family Unity And Moral Values Essay -- essays research papers

Family Unity and Moral Values The increase in the number of divorces and the decrease in the number of marriages does not reflect a breakdown of the family unit in the United States and the decay of moral values. "I don't think divorce is as big of problem as politicians make it out to be. Yes, many couples get divorced, but their children can still have stability and grow up to be good people." (Price) The breakdown of the family unit in the United States and the decay of moral values are due to the change of society and environment. These days, when many families are at home together, they often remain apart. There are no bondage and communication in families. Television and technology has corrupted the minds of children in America. Less religious influence, persistent underclass unemployment and alternative lifestyles have contributed in the downfall of families and moral values. The nation and state have done little or nothing to provide help rebuild families and values. Family value has reference to what we believe about the family. It's concerned with quality of living and how you define quality of living. It basically gets down to what you think is the most important, in other words what you value. "Family values is nice when you've got Ward and June and Wally and Beaver. Unfortunately, the world has changed quite a bit from the 1950s to 1996. Things have just changed so rapidly and so quick†¦" (Anderson) The honesty, setting examples with your morals and actions, and bringing up the people to be responsible. Responsible for themselves, responsible for ecology, responsible for humanity qualities have been neglect in the upbringing of children today. Many people believe that true family values are the stepping stones for families to achieve growth of love. They follow seven principles. 1.Make a commitment to your family and hometown. 2.Live for the greater whole. 3.Learn true love in the school of the family. 4.Dedicate your own family to the global family of humankind. 5.Strive daily to put the spiritual above the physical. 6.Align with heaven to share blessings on earth. 7.Be sexually pure to create the true culture. (Bales) But every family has its own values and few of them are exactly alike. The variations are endless, and there is no ... ...ch into a technological cocoon." (Medved) The increase in the number of divorces and the decrease in the number of marriages does not reflect a breakdown of the family unit in the United States and the decay of moral values. "I don't think divorce is as big of problem as politicians make it out to be. Yes, many couples get divorced, but their children can still have stability and grow up to be good people." (Price) The breakdown of the family unit in the United States and the decay of moral values are due to the change of society and environment. These days, when many families are at home together, they often remain apart. There are no bondage and communication in families. Television and technology has corrupted the minds of children in America. Less religious influence, persistent underclass unemployment and alternative lifestyles have contributed in the downfall of families and moral values. The nation and state have done little or nothing to provide help rebuild families and values. The only solution is to connect, communicate and establish bondage in the family. Try to spend more time and energy with families will greatly improve family unity and moral values.

Mental and Emotional Development Essay

Going to school marks a new horizon of a child’s life at a time when he/she thinks they are ready for the greater challenges. Children are curious about the use of letters and words to convey meaning, and have the manual dexterity to hold a pen or pencil and begin to write. Together reading and writing broadens the child’s experience enabling him/her to learn more about the world he/she lives in. Their mental ability allows him/her to understand the symbols of letters and numbers and by manipulating these new experiences develop. The vocabulary of a five year old should be 2000 words and with exposure to new ideas and other children this will rapidly increase. The English language, for example are hard to learn, children can use increasingly complex sentences and make fewer grammar errors as they progress through school. One of the key tasks involves in metal development at this age is logical and consistent thinking. The school aged child also learns to create more and more sophisticated classication systems, such as the characteristics of reptiles and mammals, or the differences between towns and cities. They often involve these new skills in their play such as playing cards. Relational concepts such as left and right are tackled during this phase of childhood, although this is difficult for the child to learn. When number skills are developing, concepts such as clock time can be introduced and also the use of money. The mental developments: Five year olds: 2,000 word vocabulary talks consistently, know primary colours; yellow, red and blue, can count to ten, names days of the week, asks for definitions. Six year olds: Learns to read with understanding, knows some streets in local neighbourhood, and knows difference between morning and afternoon. Seven year olds: Begins to show interest in cause and effect, knows the value of coins, gains satisfaction in conclusions and logical endings, understanding past, present and future time concepts. Eight years old: begins to understand logical reasoning and implications, aware of time, can begin to plan activities for a day, develops understanding of left and right, and appreciates degrees of concepts such as light and pain. Nine years old: Likes to have secrets, can break down difficult skills into manageable component parts, focuses on details. Ten years old: enjoys learning, likes to memorise, and identifies facts concrete and specific thinking. Eleven years old: likes action in learning, concentrates well when working, able to identify and discuss problems. Twelve years old: motivated more by inner drive then competition, able to classify, arrange and generalise; can be critical of own work. Emotional Development: During school years the child learns from the peer group and from friends. By comparing themselves with others in their class, children can adjust their behaviour to meet the society’s expectations. They can also gain more insight into themselves. They also learn to identify which situations require co-operation and which are more competitive. Emotions such as anger and aggression can be seen in a variety of expressions physical shoving and swearing. Many will be aware of the child’s enjoyment of jokes and use of humour. Schools can also provide the child with opportunities for self evaluation, developing self confidence and doubt. Being picked by other children to join a team game, or being sent to a remedial group for reading, will give the child messages about how others perceive them this can differ to the perceptions at home. It is important for those caring for children that they are aware of the attitudes of others and offer opportunities to the child to talk about this. Praise means a lot to a child of this age as it would to a lot of other people. Efforts should be made to recognise each child’s special attributes. Summary of Major Developments: For 5 to 11 year olds: 1. Decreasing dependence on family and developing relationships with other adults and children. 2. Becoming an active, contributing member of the family. 3. Learning how to deal with strong feelings appropriately. 4. Learning how to reason and solve problems logically. 5. Developing understandings of concepts such as number, time and money. 6. Adjusting to changing body image and coming to terms with sex role identity. Adolescence Mental and Emotional Development: Adolescence has been charactised as a time of storm and stress, but many adolescents make the transition from child to adult with relative ease and with little trauma either to themselves or to their parents. It is not surprising that, while their bodies are so rapidly changing, youngsters become quite preoccupied with them and wonder what they will become. Girls see their first period as a positive achievement towards adulthood or a dreadful event which signifies the end of childhood. Boys fear to speak as their voice breaks or they are delighted as their facial hair becomes obviously present. The attitudes displayed will often reflect the attitudes and values held by those close to them, the family or the peer group. Friendships with peers become increasingly close during adolescence as young person seeks acceptance and also friends with who to share the new feelings and experience. It is important that the adult determines the best way to cope with this. Each child is an individual, so the problem will have dealt with taking the child’s particular personality, needs etc into account. The older child also needs to think about their diet school children grow and develop rapidly and expend vast amount of energy. This calls for a diet which is high in protein, iron, calcium and essential vitamins. Studies have shown that there is a difference in the eating pattern between adults and children. Children tend to want to eat more frequently, at any time of the day and prefer foods which they can eat with their hands. Eating habits are established early in the childhood and in societies where television and advertising play a large part in family life it is difficult for parents and carers to insist that the child adheres in a healthy diet. Exercise: All children need to make sure they are getting enough exercise. It is important to encourage activities such as: swimming, walking and cycling. Children should also be encouraged to participate in exercises which they enjoy and which makes them feel good about themselves. They should also make sure that they get plenty of rest and sleep the amount of sleep differs from one person to the next. The amount of sleep for the average child is 8 to 10 hours sleep a night.

Feature Article – Disrespect for Authority

Part of our culture there has been many ideas to what the Australian narrative has become. Disrespect for authority is a very prominent idea that is still extremely vibrant in the nation today. This idea is one of many ideas that are helped to define the Australian Narrative. Disrespect for Authority to Australians is renowned to someone who ‘crosses the line’ or ‘bends the rules’ for their benefits. This idea to Australians is so deeply embedded in our culture and heritage that we don’t even realise its happening.This obliviousness to, and blind acceptance of, the existence of anti-authoritarianism is by far the most dominant perception of the matter within our society. A distinguishing feature of an Aussie, who disrespected authority, can be taken back to one of our nation’s true old time legends. We all know the tales of Ned Kelly, one of our heroes from the late 1800s. This ‘legend’ was known for his courage, boldness, and bad boy behavior. Ned murdered and stole, but we still over look those negative results of his behavior, and celebrate his willingness to stand up for him self.Ned was forced into taking such actions because of the unfair treatment both him and his family had received from those in authority. It is only definite that Ned Kelly was a man who ‘bends the rules’ for his benefits, and he became famous for it. This then raises the question, is it right for Australia as a nation to celebrate such awful actions. Those ethics, such as standing up for self rights and boldness from Ned Kelly have echoed through time, leaking into our culture through numerous texts.They have also found their way into our more contemporary culture, where they have flourished through the minds of many Australians. Take the film Chopper for example; no doubt this film is a prime illustration of an Australian character that disrespects authority. Eric Banner plays the character of Chopper Reid in the film; his life story is replicated perfectly that consists of continuous lack of respect and courtesy towards authority. On numerous occasions Chopper committed to what we see as some of the worst crimes.He harmed those to what he saw as reckless criminals or other terms someone who killed for no reason. However, because of the fact that he was doing it for so called ‘good reasons’ we Australians over look that and celebrate Chopper as an Aussie icon. A prominent motive of the Australian way is having the ‘whatever’ attitude towards authority and people who are working for authority. Many Australians encourage the idea of disrespect for authority. This idea in the Australian narrative has become a continuous pattern in many Australians live.Now we have all heard of the party boy Corey Worthington, well believe it or not this young man is another classic example of a more contemporary person who has shown disrespect to authority. Corey Worthington hosted a wild p arty that consisted of approximately 500 youths. Not only did this uproar show disrespect to his parents, but to reporters, the law and other residents in the area. The teenager’s actions were no doubt reckless, though he considered himself a ‘legend’ for disobeying authority. Corey may have copped a $20,000 fine, but that became nothing to the praise the nation was giving him.Instead of being punished he was showered in numerous job offers, fame and many other opportunities. Corey Worthington took advantage of disrespect towards authority and was then celebrated for it. Disrespect for authority has been prominent in the past and present times and most likely to keep going onward to the future. Those who have disrespect for authority are worshiped for there actions and now days receive little to no penalty. Australians see this trait as an acceptance to our behavior as it has been embedded in the minds throughout many generations.

How Does Shakespeare make the events of Act 3 scene 1 Essays

How Does Shakespeare make the events of Act 3 scene 1 Essays How Does Shakespeare make the events of Act 3 scene 1 Essay How Does Shakespeare make the events of Act 3 scene 1 Essay Romeo and Juliet is a tragic play which involves violence and death, but it is also juxtaposed by love, lust, humour and some optimism as well. Juliet is a young girl of thirteen, and is being coerced into a marriage by her mother. Juliet, being an obedient daughter, doesnt refuse. However she then meets Romeo, the only son of her familys enemy: The Montagues. They fall in love and immediately marry in secret, showing that their relationship is purely on lust and impulsiveness which symbolises the youth in the play. Unfortunately, fate will not let them carry on their lives together in the violent climate of which they live.They both die for each other, bringing both feuding families, the Capulets and the Montagues, together. Act three scene one, is seen as one of the main climaxes in the play, this is shown by the way Shakespeare uses dramatic techniques to create tension and conflict. He includes puns, dramatic irony, pathetic fallacy and foreshadowing to add to the effect. At the beginning of the scene, Romeo is seen only as a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and poetic lover, and wants only peace with his friends. Tybalt is portrayed as the main man of action throughout the play by using aggressive language and violence. Mercutio, however, is the witty joker and therefore does not take Tybalts actions and words seriously, this mistake then costs Mercutio his life and leads to Romeo being banished from Verona.From the very beginning of the play, the Prologue states that there will be violence and death: Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. Shakespeare uses oxymoronic language when describing civil hands and civil blood. This tells the audience that people from noble and respectable blood, will make their hands dirty by involving themselves in violence, blood and death with other honourable people. The prologue also tells the audience that everything in the play all depends on fate and the stars, and that the stars will bring people together but tear them apart too: A pair of star crossd lovers take their life. At the time that Shakespeare wrote this, many people believed that the stars controlled their fate and destiny. Telling the audience this oxymoronic line, and in extension the ending of the play, shows that the prologue itself creates a sense of fate, by providing the end and the violence of which will happen throughout the play, especially the deaths of Mercutio and Tybalt, and Romeo and Juliet.Love is again juxtaposed in the Prologue: The fearful passage of their Death markd love. Again Shakespeare uses oxymoronic language to develop tension. Fearful passage indicates that people have a dangerous journey to partake in before their lives end. This foreshadows the many deaths and violent fights that will commence between the two families. Death is not written as something that happens, it is personified, this makes death seem like a main character in the play, rather than just a theme. It also overrules love as it is not personified, and therefore making it seem less important. This foreshadows how death ends love in the play, with the death of Romeo and Juliet. It also foreshadows of how Mercutios love of fighting and for defending Romeo, and how Romeos love of Mercutio gets him killed in Act three, scene one.Shakespeare also shows a much darker, violent side to love, as well as love as a perfect ideal: If love be rough with you/ be rough with love: Prick love for pricking/ and you beat love down. Mercutio tells Romeo that love is not sweet; its bitter and that if love is being cruel in torturing him; he should do the same. This shows how quickly love can go from seeming sweet to becoming violent and bringing hatred. It juxtaposes love and hate which are inextricably linked throughout the play, and also foreshadows how Mercutio dies after Romeos wedding, juxtaposing love and hatred again. Shakespeare also makes us sympathise with both Mercutio and Romeo; Romeos effeminate actions and love of Mercutio kills his bes t friend.Shakespeare also uses repetitive and oxymoronic language to show the dangers of love: These violent delights have violent ends. Friar Lawrence tells Romeo that hes concerned about how deeply in love he seems to be, he tells Romeo that if he acts entirely on impulse, it will end as swiftly as it started: Romeo needs to control his passionate obsession with Juliet, he instructs him to be sensible with love. This also shows a main contrast in the play: that the elder characters are wise and slow, not rushing anything and wanting violence to end. And the younger characters like Romeo and Juliet are impulsive and reckless; getting married only a day after meeting.The feud between the two families is also based on love:Heres much to do with hate/but more with love. This is said after the first fight in Act One scene one, it implies that the Montagues and Capulets fight because of the loyalty and love they have for their houses, which makes them want to defend it against slander, at the time this was called the Elizabethan Code of Honour: this is what causes the violence.Violence is also made inevitable by feuds being unresolved throughout the beginning of the play:I will withdraw/ but this intrusion shall, now seeming sweet/ convert to bittrest gall. In this quote, Tybalt states he will not fight this time, but delaying the fight will only increase the hatred between both houses. It foreshadows the incredibly violent fight in which Tybalt and Mercutio both die. The short and sharp sentences increase the pace and rhythm of the play, this immediately develops tension. Tybalt also gives the impression that he will not give up the fight till he has avenged Romeo and, being driven by the Elizabethan Code of Honour, gained respect for his family, this makes future violence inevitable.Tybalt is introduced as a very violent character from the first scene. He is young so he will immediately jump at the chance to fight; his presence in a scene adds tension: talk of p eace?/ I hate the word, As I hate hell/ all Montagues/ and thee. Shakespeare again shows how Tybalt is motivated by the Elizabethan Code of Honour. Tybalt talking of hating hell could also indicate his fear of death. Shakespeare uses the repetition of the word hate which reveals a very aggressive and dangerous character to the audience.The build up of tension in Act three, scene one makes the violence to follow inevitable. Shakespeare starts by making Tybalt and Romeo fight with words, especially Tybalt who insults Romeo to the very best of his ability: Romeo/ the love I bear thee can afford No better term than this/ thou art a villain. Tybalt keeps provoking Romeo by telling him how much he hates him, and in extension, his family. Tybalt expects him to retaliate from being driven by the Code of Honour, but he does not.Romeo protests that he cannot fight him and instead shows a loving nature towards him, increasing the tension in the audience and lets them wonder whether Romeo will tell Tybalt of his marriage to Tybalts cousin Juliet: But I love thee better than thou canst devise, Till thou shalt know the reason of my love; And so/ good Capulet/ which name I tender As dearly as my own. Romeo tells Tybalt that he loves him but cannot tell him why, and will not because Tybalt will find out about his marriage to Juliet eventually, which increases tension and suspense. He juxtaposes love and hate again by saying he loves the name of his enemy as much as his own. He is meant to hate the name Capulet, but says he treats his own with the same equality; meaning the he hates his name Montague for that is the reason he cannot openly be with Juliet.Shakespeare elicits the audiences sympathy by taking away Mercutios flamboyancy and head strong character, and replacing him with a dying man who was caught in the middle of someone elses fight: A plague aboth your houses! They have made worms meat out of me. Mercutio curses both the Capulets and the Montagues for the feud tha t has led to him dying, he says it three times to ensure it becomes a curse; this foreshadows the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. They have made worms meat out of me. A weaker side of Mercutio is revealed; he feels vulnerable and betrayed by both houses, especially the Montagues because he has fought for them as he was Mercutios best friend.But Mercutio tries to carry on like normal with word play and using puns till the end of his life: Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man. Shakespeare makes a pun of grave meaning serious and grave meaning the grave he will be buried in when he dies. Its and incredibly bitter joke, being very sad rather than funny and witty: Mercutio is a great comedian, but all of a sudden hes dying.Romeo gets our sympathy as well when he is banished, not executed, from Verona by the Prince as an act of mercy: Tis torture/ and not mercy/ Heaven is here Where Juliet lives. Even though the Prince is showing mercy by just banishing him, Romeo isnt gratef ul because banishment is equal to death, he is being sent even further away from his only love. Romeo never wanted to fight in the first place, but because Tybalt murdered his best friend, but Romeo felt compelled to act. This again shows the strong dichotomy between love and misery throughout the play.In conclusion, Shakespeare made the violence in this pivotal scene inevitable by the constant juxtaposition of love and hate all through the play. The contrasting characters of Mercutio and Tybalt, Romeo and Benvolio create tension easily. The Elizabethan Code of Honour is what drives them all forward to the scene in which Mercutio dies from his love for Romeo, and Tybalt is murdered from Romeos love and guilt for Mercutio. Fate also makes a huge part in bringing about the violence, because it stated in the prologue that fate is against two lovers and therefore the ongoing feud between the families.

' an analysis of the psychological contract between employers and Essay

' an analysis of the psychological contract between employers and employees and how this affects performance' - Essay Example These discrepÐ °ncies Ð °lso Ð °ffected employee performÐ °nce, Ð °lthough to Ð ° lesser extent. OrgÐ °nizÐ °tionÐ °l implicÐ °tions Ð °nd suggestions for improving psychologicÐ °l contrÐ °ct fulfillment Ð °re discussed. Ð dditionÐ °lly this study exÐ °mines the types of inducements businesses currently offer to their employees in Ð °n Ð °ttempt to Ð °ttrÐ °ct Ð °nd retÐ °in their skills Ð °nd expertise. The purpose of this study is threefold. First, we exÐ °mine which employer inducements (psychologicÐ °l contrÐ °ct obligÐ °tions) Ð °re identified Ð °s more importÐ °nt by employees. Second, Ð °fter identifying these "importÐ °nt" psychologicÐ °l contrÐ °ct obligÐ °tions, I Ð °nÐ °lyze employee perceptions of how well their compÐ °nies Ð °re fulfilling these obligÐ °tions. Third, I exÐ °mine how perceived discrepÐ °ncies between the importÐ °nce of Ð °nd fulfillment of specific psychologicÐ °l contrÐ °ct obligÐ °tions Ð °ffect employee reÐ °ctions Ð °t work. These promises Ð °nd obligÐ °tions, depending on employees perceptions of fulfillment, cÐ °n Ð °ct Ð °s motivÐ °tors or bÐ °rriers to desirÐ °ble work Ð °ttitudes Ð °nd behÐ °viors. This reseÐ °rch strives to Ð °ssist businesses by providing informÐ °tion Ð °bout whÐ °t employees vÐ °lue most Ð °nd how they respond when these needs Ð °re not fulfilled. This informÐ °tion should Ð °ssist compÐ °nies in their efforts to offer psychologicÐ °l contrÐ °cts thÐ °t Ð °re more in line with the exchÐ °nge relÐ °tionships thÐ °t employees Ð °re seeking to creÐ °te. Employers with proÐ °ctive psychologicÐ °l contrÐ °cts Ð °re likely to experience reduced intentions to leÐ °ve the orgÐ °nizÐ °tion (by employees) becÐ °use their needs Ð °re being met. Shore Ð °nd BÐ °rksdÐ °le (2004) found thÐ °t employees reported higher levels of orgÐ °nizÐ °tionÐ °l support, Ð °ffective commitment, Ð °nd lower levels of turnover intentions when their employment relÐ °tionships with their orgÐ °nizÐ °tions were

Critique of Outside Speaker ( Various speeches 4 pages each) Essay

Critique of Outside Speaker ( Various speeches 4 pages each) - Essay Example He did not make any overwhelming gesture or aggressive style to draw the attention of listeners. In order to draw interest of listeners the content of his speech was very aggressive, full of hope and courage. He delivered each sentence very carefully and gave pauses to receive the applause. He never consulted written material and always looked into the crowd. 2. How were the main points organized? How were they supported (facts?, examples? Testimony, narratives?) What types of reasoning did the speaker employ? The main points were organized skillfully. Each point was linked with previous point maintaining a rhythm throughout the speech. The speech started with thanks to previous President. Speaker showed humbleness and acknowledged sacrifices of older generations. He did not mention exact events but made a reference to difficult times and admired resolve of American nation in overcoming every difficulty. He mentioned about war against terrorism and difficulties being faced and showed resolve to win this war. Without giving specific details he mentioned issues of poor economy, joblessness, deteriorating education and healthcare issues. He highlighted all major issues that confront American nation however did not mention details or their solution. He just stressed his resolve and hope to overcome all the problems. The audience liked his hopeful language and courageous style with occasional applause. He took this opportunity to reaffirm enduring spirit. He did not mention any facts or figures and only made two references to events of history. These events were migration of people to America and hardships borne by them to develop this land in peace and war. He made a second historic reference towards the words uttered by founding father during civil war ( Obama Inauguration Address ). He touched upon common heritage despite diversity and gave a message of hope to poor nations. He also gave a tough message to enemies without naming them. 3. Comment on the speakerâ⠂¬â„¢s delivery, noting both positive and negative aspects. The delivery of speaker was consistent, confident, extempore and fluent. Throughout his speech he never fumbled or forgot. He kept in mind the audience which was beyond doubt the whole world. Pitch and tone of his voice followed the words and suited the occasion. Delivery of speech was classic and memorable. The speaker knew his topic very well. There was no pressure of audience on speaker and he did not fumble even once. The speaker was loud, clear, maintained eye contact with the crowd through out the speech, remained calm and composed. His words were emotional at some places but he did not get carried away with emotions. He used spaces between topics very well. His standing on stage was perfect and calm. President Obama displayed presence of mind and command over his subject. His gestures were few but these were well received by the audience. He maintained a serious tone and never used humor or loose words. His body lang uage showed that he meant what he said. His delivery was spontaneous, natural and impressive. On the down side, at few places The President did not give enough pauses for the applause of audience. Had he not committed this mistake his speech would have appeared much popular. At very few places he switched topics rather abruptly which affected continuity of the speech. 4. What was the audience’